Periodization is actually a very complex and hotly argued topic in exercise physiology. In fact, periodization is probably the most mysterious and esoteric part of athlete development.My mentor, the very well respected Dr. Howie Wenger used to frequently refer to the the art and science of program planning. Periodization is indeed equal parts art and science and has been developed largely by trial, error, and thousands of hours of good old fashioned observation.
Photo: Mike Nowak www.chargers.com
Through this process, a robust model of physical training has emerged that applies itself almost universally to atletes competing in various sports. Athletes must prepare in a logical and sequential manner in order to optimize the effects of training. Typically athletic perparation will fall into three basic categories, preparatory, competitive, and transition phases.
Preparatory Phase
This phase consists of general and specific preparation. Usually general preparation is the longer of the two phases.
Photo: www.sherdog.com
Competitive Phase
This phase can contain a few main competitions or encompass an entire competitive "season". The way an athlete prepares will largely depend on whether their competitive phase is several months (hockey, football, soccer), or whether they prepare for specific events (track and field, MMA, triathlon). With specific competitions there may be several sub-phases including "uploading phases" and specific "preparatory" phases.
Transition Phase
This phase is primarily used to facilitate psychological rest, relaxation and promote physical recovery. Transition phases also attempt to maintain an acceptable level of general physical preparation. Also known as a maintenance phase this phase can last 3 – 4 weeks.
More on how all of this applies to the general athlete in my next post.
Cheers,
M
Additional photo credit: www.corbis.com
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